History does not repeat itself. It rewrites.
Olympic Games
Torch-Relay
1936 Berlin
The Olympic Fire
The most significant and striking of the ceremonial aspects connected with the Olympic Games is the Olympic Fire. Ignited during the opening ceremony, it burns day and night at the Olympic Stadium and other scenes of competition during the period of the Games. Only when the Olympic Flag is lowered at the end of the closing ceremony is the Fire extinguished. At the Olympic Games of 1928 Amsterdam and at the Los Angeles Festival in 1932 the Olympic Fire burned at the top of a pillar extending above the Stadium. The Americans utlized natural gas as fuel, this being obtained from wells in the immediate vicinity of the centres of competition.
1928
The Olympic flame is first used during the modern era. The flame is kindled in Amsterdam, Netherlands and burns at the entrance of the main stadium throughout the duration of the Games of the IXth Olympiad.
1932
The Flame is kindled in Los Angeles and burns atop the Coliseum throughout the Games. This is the last time that an Olympic flame is kindled at the site on the Games.
1934
The IOC ratifies a flame relay from Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Games, to the site of the fost city.
Torch: Lenght: 27 cm
Weight: 450 gr
Torch-replica from 1972 !!!
Torches total: 3,840
Design by: Walter Lemcke, Peter Wolf
Manufacturer: Friedrich Krupp AG
Date of the torch relay:
20. July - 1. August 1936
Numbers of runners: 3.331
Distance total: 3.187 km
Name of last runner: Fritz Schilgen
The Torch Relay Run from Olympia to Berlin
Through the organization of the Olympic Torch Relay Run the Eleventh Olympic Games were introduced in a manner which in its impressiveness and significance could scarcely have been surpassed. For the first time in the history of the modern Games the Olympic Fire was ignited with a flame borne directly from the sanctuary of the ancient Festival. At its meeting in May, 1934 in Athens, the International Olympic Committee approved the proposal of the Secretary-General of the Organizing Committee to have this flame carried by relay runners from Olympia to Berlin. The National Olympic Committee of Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Germany - the seven countries through which the flame would be carried - were in complete favour of this projekt and gladly cooperated in preparing for it.
The entire course was dividet into stretches of 1,000 metres, and each of these was covered by a runner, who then passed the Olympic Fire to his successor. The Organizing Committee estimated that an average time of 5 minutes would be required for each 1,000 metres, and the National Olympic Commttees of the fifferent countries were authorized to make special provisions such as increasing the stretches in thinly populated sections or allowing more times for traversing difficult districts.
None of the torches on the market at that time answered the requirements. Although a new torch would be ignited by each runner, the fact had to be taken into consideration that in case of an emergency a runner might be required to carry the same torch over a double stretch. It was therefore necessary to divise torches which would burn 10 minutes and which would not be affected by heat, rain, storms or falls. A magnesium torch was created which contained two fuses so that even should the burning part fall from the torch, the fuses would continue to glow and re-ignite it. The torches were encased in a reinforced covering in order to give them the required durability. The length of the torch including a cone-formed grip was 27.7 inches, its diameter 1.15 inches and its weight 1.5 pounds. The top of the torch consisted of a special inflammable substance so that it could be rapidly ignited when the flame was transferred from runner to runner.
The Organizing Committee presented a specially designed holder to each participant as a souvenir of the Torch Relay Run, this being designed by the sculptor who created the Olympic Bell, Herr Lemcke. The route over which the Olympic Fire was carried from Olympia to Berlin was engraved on the grip of the holder, and the Krupp Firm in Essen generously contributed a sufficient number of these in polished, stainless steel. The words, "In gratitude to the bearer," were also engraved on the holder.
Its entire length was 10.4 inches and its weight 1 pound. The torches, which contained a wooden grip at the lower end, could be fitted firmly into these holders. The plate at the tip of the holder protected the runner from flames which might be whipped by the wind. Holders and a special certificate for each runner and organizing manager were despatched to the National Olympic Committee in March, 1936.
A special commemoration diploma was designed for the participants in the Olympic torch relay run from Olympia to Berlin, this being created by the Berlin painter and graphic artist, Hönig. His design revealed the fire altar and Olympic rings in yellow-brown tones with the eagle as a background and the Olympic Bell in colourless embossing. Each certificate contained the facsimile signature of the President of the Organizing Committee and was inscribed with the name of the participant. The relationship between this torch relay run of the modern Olympic Games and the ancient festival was expressed in the brochures published in connection with this event, these being designed in an especially artistic manner. The reproduction of a Hellenic relief from the Palazzo Colonna in Rome was utilized for the cover, this having been generously permitted by the Prince of Colonna. The relief, which depicts two Erotes as torch bearers, was used by the creator of the Olympic Bell, Walter E. Lemcke, as the basis of his design.
(Source document: Official Report 1936, Vol. 1, page 126, 512)
1940 Tokyo
12 th Olympiad, the games did not take place
1944 London
13 th Olympiad, the games did not take place
Olympic Torch Relay:
1936 Berlin 1940 cancelled 1944 cancelled 1948 London 1952 Helsinki 1956 Melbourne 1956 Stockholm
1960 Rome 1964 Tokyo 1968 Mexico City 1972 Munich 1976 Montreal 1980 Moscow 1984 Los Angeles
1988 Seoul 1992 Barcelona 1996 Atlanta 2000 Sydney 2004 Athens 2008 Beijing 2012 London
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